Indirect Speech
- Définition
L’indirect speech (discours indirect) permet de rapporter ce que quelqu’un a dit, sans répéter exactement ses paroles. Contrairement au discours direct, les guillemets ne sont pas utilisés, et les temps verbaux, les pronoms et certains mots doivent être modifiés.
- Structure générale
Verbe introducteur (say, tell, ask, etc.) + proposition subordonnée
Exemple :
– Direct speech : She said, “I am tired.”
– Indirect speech : She said she was tired.
- Changement des temps verbaux
Lorsque le verbe introducteur est au passé, les temps suivants changent :
Present simple → Past simple
Present continuous → Past continuous
Present perfect → Past perfect
Past simple → Past perfect
Future (will) → Would
Exemples :
– “I play football.” → He said he played football.
– “She is singing.” → He said she was singing.
– “They will come.” → She said they would come.
- Changement des pronoms
Les pronoms personnels s’adaptent au nouveau sujet et au contexte.
Exemples :
– “I love my job.” → She said she loved her job.
– “We are ready.” → They said they were ready.
- Changement des mots de temps et de lieu
today → that day
tomorrow → the next day
yesterday → the day before
now → then
here → there
this → that
Exemples :
– “I will go tomorrow.” → He said he would go the next day.
– “She is here.” → He said she was there.
- Verbes introducteurs
Les plus courants sont :
– say
– tell
– ask
– explain
– reply
– add
– promise
Remarques :
– Say ne prend pas de complément d’objet direct : He said (that)…
– Tell prend un complément : He told me (that)…
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- Questions au discours indirect
– Les questions oui/non utilisent if ou whether.
“Are you ready?” → He asked if I was ready.
– Les questions ouvertes gardent le mot interrogatif.
“Where do you live?” → She asked where I lived.
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