Other – Question Formation, Sentence Structure, Coordinating Conjunctions, Conjunctive Adverbs, Subordinating Conjunctions, Prepositions, Prepositional Phrases, Reported Speech
- Question Formation
Les questions en anglais se forment généralement avec un auxiliaire.
Ordre des mots : mot interrogatif + auxiliaire + sujet + verbe + complément.
– Yes/No Questions :
– Are you ready?
– Did she come?
– WH- Questions :
– Where do you live?
– Why are they here?
Pour le verbe be, pas besoin d’auxiliaire :
– Is he a student?
- Sentence Structure
L’ordre des mots est Sujet + Verbe + Complément.
– She reads books.
– They are working hard.
Avec des adverbes :
– She always arrives on time.
Les phrases complexes combinent des propositions principales et subordonnées.
– I know that he is right.
- Coordinating Conjunctions
Les coordinating conjunctions relient des mots, groupes de mots ou propositions de même nature.
Principales : for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS)
Exemples :
– I like tea and coffee.
– She was tired but happy.
– You can stay here or leave.
- Conjunctive Adverbs
Ces adverbes relient deux phrases indépendantes en montrant la relation logique.
Exemples : however, therefore, moreover, nevertheless, consequently, otherwise.
Exemples :
– It was raining; however, we went out.
– He worked hard; therefore, he succeeded.
- Subordinating Conjunctions
Les subordinating conjunctions introduisent des propositions subordonnées.
Principales : because, although, if, when, since, while, unless.
Exemples :
– I stayed home because it was raining.
– She will come if she has time.
– Although he is young, he is wise.
- Prepositions
Les prepositions indiquent la relation entre les mots. Elles expriment le lieu, le temps, le mouvement, etc.
Exemples courants : in, on, at, under, behind, before, after, during, with, by.
Exemples :
– She is at school.
– The book is on the table.
– He left before dinner.
- Prepositional Phrases
Une prepositional phrase commence par une préposition et finit par un nom ou pronom (objet de la préposition).
Elle fonctionne comme adjectif ou adverbe.
Exemples :
– The keys are on the table.
– He went to the store.
– She lives near the beach.
- Reported Speech
Le reported speech (discours indirect) rapporte les paroles de quelqu’un sans utiliser ses mots exacts.
1) Statements
On utilise un verbe introducteur comme say ou tell et on ajuste le temps verbal si nécessaire (backshift).
– Direct: He said, “I am tired.”
– Reported: He said (that) he was tired.
2) Questions
On change l’ordre et le temps.
– Direct: She asked, “Where do you live?”
– Reported: She asked where I lived.
Les questions fermées utilisent if ou whether.
– Direct: “Are you coming?”
– Reported: He asked if I was coming.
3) Reporting Verbs
Exemples : say, tell, ask, wonder, reply, explain.
4) Time Adverbials
Certains mots changent.
– now → then
– today → that day
– tomorrow → the next day
– yesterday → the day before
– here → there
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